Machine for dressing nuts and bolt-heads



UNITED STATES IPATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS KING, OF BORDENTOWN, NEW JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR DRESSING NUTS AND BOLT-HEADS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,140, dated February 2'?, 1849.

To all wlw/m, z'z may concern:

` Be it lnown that I, JULIUs KING, of Bordentown, in the county ofBurlington and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Machinery for Dressing the Sides of Bolt-Heads and Nuts,of which the following is a full and exact description, reference beinghad to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of thisspecification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the machinein the act of dressing the sides of a bolt head, Fig. 2 is a verticalsection, taken through the line m m of Fig. 1.

The same letters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

In the accompanying drawings A is a rectangular frame of metal, havingstandards B erected upon its ends to carry the mandrel C which rests inboXes a made in any manner that will admit of the easy removal of themandrel for the purpose of changing or adjusting the cutters. One end ofthe mandrel projects beyond the standard, and carries a pulley C. Thispulley revolves the mandrel and cutter by motion received through themedium of a belt, from any main driving shaft, or other convenientsource of motion, in the shop in which it is placed.

The mandrel is well and truly finished, its journals and the bearingsfor the cut-ters D being concentric, as will more plainly appear byreference to Fig. 2, in which o is the shoulder against which thecutters are pinched by the binding screw CZ to prevent them from turningon their seats. The cylindrical portion e forms the seat for thecutters, and for the sleeve or collet m which separates them a distancejust equal to the diameter of the head or nut to be dressed by passingbetween them. A suilicient number of these collets, of differentlengths, must be provided, to correspond with all the various vdiameters to which nuts and bolt heads are required to be dressed.

On the upper side of the frame two parallel ribs f are formed, which arealso parallel to the mandrel. Upon these ribs a saddle or carriage E isplaced, which is capable of sliding upon the ribs for the purpose ofadjusting the nut or bolt holder to the proper position in reference tothe cutters; when the saddle is thus adjusted it is held in place by thebinding screw N. On the upper side of the saddle E two parallel ribs gare formed, in whose inner sides parallel dove-tail rabbets are made. toreceive and hold the nut and bolt holder G which is as well and tightlyfitted therein as is consistent with its sliding freely to advance thenut or bolt against the cutters. On the under side of this slidingholder a revolving screw It is secured in suitable bearings, and passesthrough a nut c' fixed to the saddle E, so that when the screw it turnedone way it moves the holder toward the cut-ters, and when turned theother way brings itback aga-in. Upon the front end of the top of thesliding part of the holder G a revolving table H is placed, which turnsupon an axis 7c in whose center a hole is made to pass the shanks of thebolts through, and also the mandrel upon which the nuts are screwed tobe dressed, the edge of this table has a number of equidistant notches nmade in it, corresponding to the number of the sides of the prism intowhich the bolt head or nut is required to be dressed; these notches areconcentric with a hole made in the top of the holder G into which a pinn is inserted t0 h old the nut or bolt head in one position until thecutters have dressed two of its opposite sides. As an additional guardagainst the turning of the nuts or bolts r while under the .operation ofthe cutters, a binding bar or jaw I is pressed down upon it by means ofa screw 0 which passes through a slot 1n its center.

A number of mandrels p for holding the nuts 7 must be provided withscrews upon their upper ends, corresponding to the different sizes ofthe screws forwhich the nuts are made. The pinching nut Q on the lowerend of the mandrel p draws the nut down upon the table with sufcientforce to hold it firmly while being dressed.

The operation is as follows: The nut or bolt r being secured andproperly adjusted upon the graduated revolving table H the holder G ismoved forward by the screw 7L to subject the nut or bolt head to theaction of the cutters. This screw may either be turned by the hand ofthe attendant, or by wheels or belts connecting it with the gear whichturns the cutters. When the nut or bolt head has thus passed oncethrough between the cutters two of its opposite sides will have beenrendered plane, smooth, and parallel, then by drawing the nutback againand turning the table one notch, and again moving it forward between thecutters two more of its sides adjacent to those first dressed will betruly and smoothly finished, and by the repetition of this operation allthe sides of the nut will in succession be dressed.

Diiiiculty has always been experienced in reducing rough nuts orboltheads into prismatic forms with truly plane and smooth sides bymeans of a single cutter acting tangentially against them, because ofthe vibrations reciprocally induced bythe cutter and metal being cut ineach other, which vibrations extend through the whole machine, causingthe nut or bolt head to turn on its axis however tightly it may beclamped, and the tool to make a wavy cut, the one making the sidetwisting, the other rendering it uneven. And these diieulties are alwaysgreatly enhanced by any unevenness in the texture of the metal, and asthis unevenness prevails to a greater or less extent in the larger partof nuts or bolts, it may, for all practical purposes be considered aconstant condition of the metal, in reference to which the cuttingapparatus must be constructed.

During the operation of a machine in which only one cutter is used, themandrel on which the cutter is placed is subject to great and constantoblique strain in one direction, which combined with the perpetual jar,causes the journals and bearings to wear very rapidly, and renders itvery difficult to keep either the set or pinching screws from moving.These cliliiculties it has been attempted to remedy by making thevarious parts of the machine very strong and heavy*but withonly'partial' success, and the remedy itself is subject to the disadvantage of rendering the apparatus too ponderous to be used withfacility and convenience. Another diiiiculty of a different.

character results from the use of a single cutter, and that is thenecessary absence of any means of determining the size of the nut exceptthe very tedious one of alternate cutting and measuring with calipersuntil the required size is obtained. These diliculties are all obviatedin my machine by very simple means; the jarring is prevented by usingtwo parallel revolving cutters which operating simultaneously onopposite sides of t-he nut, reciprocally neutralize the vibrationsproduced in each other, and inthe metal which is being cut, and eachalso coun teracts thetendency of the others to turn the nut or bolt headon its axis. These twin cutters being thus free from vibration, and alltendency to turn the nut, cut its sides down to the required dimensionsat one operation, leaving them truly plane, and with a good smoothfinish. By reason of the absence of the arring, these double cutters maybe fed much faster than the single cutter could, which in addition todressing two sides of the nutat once, renders the machine capable ofperforming more than twice the quantity of work that can be done by amachine having but one cutter.

The cutters are adjusted so as to dress the nuts of any definitediameter by placing one of the series of sleeves provided for thepurpose on the mandrel between the cutters.

. Having thus described the construction, operation and comparativeadvantages of my machine for dressing the sides of bolt heads and nuts,what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination of the twin cutters with the sleeves or other equivalentdevice for gaging their distance apart, and with the mandrel upon whichthey are mounted, whereby the sides of nuts and bolt heads are finishedin less time, and with a machine of less size and cost, than where onlyone cutter is used.

PETER WILLIAMSON, FRANCIS MCDERMOTT.

